Medical Action Team PMI Deployed To Earthquake Location in Haiti

The earthquake hit the capital city of Haiti, Port-au-Prince, Tuesday afternoon local time (12 / 1). Based on data collected from the international media, an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 on the Richter Scale, centered around 10 miles (15 kilometers) west of Port-au-Prince with a depth of five miles (8 km). As quoted from various media, this earthquake was the largest earthquake in Haiti in the last 200 years and it is feared killed thousands of people.

The earthquake caused tens of thousands of people homeless. Meanwhile, cut off communication networks and power outages.

For earthquake of Haiti, PMI involved in the disaster relief response by sending three senior nurses from PMI Bogor Hospital.

"They are Muchtar, Habib Prioyono, and Iwan Ridwanudin. Three members of the PMI Medical Action Team, joined the team from the Ministry of Health of Indonesia for the action of health services and first aid from the field hospital in Haiti. We expect, they will stay there for a month or more, "said dr. Saptono, Head of Secretariat PMI Bogor (15 / 1).

He added that three members of the MAT PMI has expertise specifications respectively. For example, Habib Priyono who have the ability as a radiology technician and specialized administrative field hospital in disaster area.

Reported, that a team from the PMI will join the 17 member team of field hospital direct deployment to Haiti on Friday afternoon (15 / 1) from Halim Perdanakusuma Air Field, Jakarta.

"All the big family PMI says congratulate to all members of the PMI team who involved in disaster response in Haiti. Work vigorously to exert humanitarian assistances in Haiti, "said dr. Saptono at the end of the interview .

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INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM

Here will not be described in detail about this because this discussion is a topic of their own training. Please note by helpers that this system already exists and the standard, its implementation depends on each region.
ICS in Indonesia is often known as POSKO, the basic task is to manage the response more or disaster victims. How to do sorting victims, how and where the victims were evacuated, using what, who's in charge in which, where and all the other things associated with the setting on site.
In general the response to victims of many places in the set such that there is:
1. Triage area
Basically this area is the area of the incident.
2. Regional aid
After the patient is determined triagenya then transferred to storage areas where help is given.
3. Regional transport
In this region gathered all vehicles will be used to evacuate the victims, including victims of sending data recording.
4. Auxiliary storage areas and equipment.
In this area the new helpers come or already working together, the data set and the division of work. If the big events so reservations are also required for equipment, other goods.

First Helper role
As helpers we must know the existing system, especially what should be done at the initial phase, basically helper should:
1. Establishing Command Post and the command
2. Assessing the situation
3. Ask for help as needed
4. Start triage

Assessment situation
After determining an event as the case with many of the victims of the most important thing to do is refrain from giving aid directly to individuals. Value of the things as follows:
1. State
2. Number of patients
3. Special action
4. Resources will approximately take
5. Another thing that could have an impact on the situation and conditions
6. How many sectors are needed
7. Region or area shelters
Create a brief report, so that help will come will be driven by demand.

Triage
Triage comes from the French language, which means segregation. In the medical world this term is used for sorting actions help victims by priority or transportation.
The main principle of triage is to help the patients who suffered an injury or serious condition but has a life expectancy.
One of the most simple method and widely used is the START method of triage, or Simple and Rapid Treatment. This method divides patients into 4 categories:
1. Priority 1 - Red
Is a priority, given to the patient's critical condition such as airway disorders, respiratory problems, severe bleeding or uncontrolled bleeding, decreased mental status
2. Priority 2 - Yellow
The next priority is given to the patients who have conditions such as burns without interruption or damage to airway motion devices, closed fractures that can not walk, back injury.
3. Priority 3 - Green
Is the most recent group of priorities, also known as' Walking Wounded "or the injury that can run itself.
4. Priority 0 - Black
Given to those who died or suffered a fatal injury. Implementation of the triage is done by giving the sign in accordance with the priority color. Triage signs can vary from a special card to only a bond with a color material in accordance with priorities. Do not change the sign of a prescribed triage. If circumstances change before patients receive care the old labels do not removed but are marked, time and new pairs.

Implementation triage method S.T.A.R.T
To facilitate the implementation of triage will be conducted an inspection as follows:
1. Collect all the people who can / be able to walk alone to the predetermined area, and give them a label GREEN.
2. After that switch to check remaining patients:
3. Breathing:
a. If breathing is more than 30 times / minute RED label.
b. If the patient is not breathing then try to open the airway and clear the airway once, when breathing spontaneously began the RED label, if not give BLACK.
c. If breathing is less than 30 times / minute recharging time value of capillaries.
4. Capillary filling time:
a. More than 2 seconds is not good, give RED, stop major bleeding if any.
b. If less than 2 seconds then the value of his mental status.
c. If the lighting is less then check the radial pulse of the patient. If there is no then it means that the patient's blood pressure was low and has decreased tissue perfusion.
5. Mental status examination:
a. Examination to follow simple commands
b. If the patient is not able to follow a simple command will give RED.
c. If you can give YELLOW.

After giving a label to the patient then your job ends immediately proceed to the next patient.

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POISONING

Understanding poison
A substance which when entered in the body in a certain amount of reaction can cause unwanted body can even cause death. Chemical reaction of tissue damage or interfere with body functions. Should be distinguished from drug reactions due to drug reactions in the body is desirable, but there are times when a drug reaction is not in want. Some examples of toxic substances in the form of: insecticide, cyanide (in the toxic cassava), poisons animals (snakes, scorpions, etc.).

Accidental poisoning in humans:
 Intentionally (Suicide)
 Accidentally (food, beverages, air toxic)
 drug abuse

Based on the entry point into the human body toxins, poisoning is divided into four:
Poisoning via mouth / digestive tools
Symptoms: - Nausea vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- His breath smelled of
- Hoarse voice
- Burns to the mouth area
- The rest of the poison mouth area
- Mouth foaming
Handling:
Give anti-venom drinking public (norit, milk, egg whites, coconut milk, mineral water)
Make the patient vomit
Do not spit if swallowed acid / strong base, oil, seizure victim, the victim was not aware

Poisoning through the respiratory
Symptoms: - Shortness of breath
- Bluish skin (cyanosis)
- His breath smelled of
- Coughing
- Hoarse voice
Handling:
- Give oxygen if there is
- Refer to the health facility immediately

Poisoning by contact / absorption (skin)
Symptoms: - Skin reddish-colored contact area
- Pain
- Blisters and widespread
Handling:
- Open the clothes the patient
- When the poison in the form of powder brush to clean
- Flush the affected area with water toxins (minimum 20 Minutes)
- Do not flush skin with water affected by caustic soda

Poisoning by injection / bite
Symptoms: - Luka area injections / bites
- Pain at the bite area
- Brunette
- Change the color of skin
Handling:
- Refer to health facility

Symptoms and signs keeracunan:
 decline consciousness, mental status disorder (anxiety, fear)
Respiratory disorders 
 head pain, dizziness, visual impairment
 Nausea, vomiting, foaming at the mouth
 Weakness, paralysis, numbness
 Pale, bluish (cyanosis)
 seizure
 Shock
 irregular pulse
Handling general Poisoning:
1. Safeguarding the patient and helpful, especially when located in an area with poison gas.
2. Remove the patient from dangerous areas when possible.
3. Conduct early assessment
4. When toxins enter through the contact point, then go to wash clothes the rest of the patient and if there are toxic materials.
5. Keep an eye on the airway, especially when the response decreases or the patient vomited
6. If poisoning occurs contact rinse the affected area with water.
7. Management of shock in the event (See Chapter Bleeding and Shock).
8. Monitor vital signs regularly.
9. Bring to a hospital / doctor / health center.

Snake bites
If a person suffering a snakebite wounds showed symptoms and signs that the situation is serious and needs special handling.
Some of the symptoms and signs:
1. Fever
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Fainting
4. Weak
5. Rapid and weak pulse
6. Seizures
7. LipurGangguan respiratory
Handling the snake bite
 Secure self-rescue and the scene
 Calm patient
 Conduct early assessment
 Treat the wound, if necessary plug splint.
 Refer to health facility

Alternative:
 Use of elastic bandage
 Identify the snake
 DO NOT USE TORNIKET

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MEDICAL EMERGENCIES

Medical emergency is anything that affects a person without a history of forced Ruda.
Note the symptoms and signs, and complaints by interviewing the patient or family information / witness.

Common symptoms:
 Fever
 Pain
 Nausea, vomiting
 urinating excessively or not at all
 Dizziness, fainting, would doom
 tightness / difficulty breathing, excessive hunger, mouth feel strange

General signs:
 mental status change
 Change the rhythm jantun
 Respiratory Changes
 Change the skin condition
 Changes in blood pressure
 Changes pupil
 anomalous muscle activity
Gastrointestinal disorders


Heart Disorder
Risk factors:
Can not be changed
Hereditary :
 Gender (male> female)
 Ethnic
 Age (30 yr <) Be changed  Smoking  High blood pressure  High cholesterol  Lack of physical activity Factors Penyulit  Obesity  Diabetes  Stress Symptoms  unpleasant feeling, pain, heavy feeling chest.  The patient holds his chest and slightly bent  Pain develops suddenly  No response, stopped breathing and heart Signs  Nadi anomalous  Palpitation  Widening p. back  Swelling  Nausea, vomiting  Head light  Weakness suddenly  cyanosis  Excessive Perspiration  Feeling Hour HELP  Calm patient  Do not leave the patient alone  Position the patient in a comfortable position reply  Ensure an open airway  Give oxygen if there is  Do not give food / drink  Relax binding clothing  If the patient does not consciously do the action BHD  Refer to the references soon. Respiratory disorders Example:  ISPA & ISBA  Acute Pulmonary Edema  chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  Spontaneous Pneumothorax  Asthma / allergy Airway obstruction   Pulmonary Emboli  hyperventilation Symptoms and Signs  It is difficult to talk and breathe  There are additional breathing sound  Tanpak aids breathing muscles work  The position of the tripod  The rhythm and quality of abnormal breathing  Changes in color of skin  mental status change  At the sound of wheezing is asthma  fast Nadi  Fever  Coughing blood HELP  Calm patient  Keep the airway open  Value of respiratory patients  Place the patient in a comfortable position  Give breathing assistance if necessary  Give oxygen if there is appropriate provision  Take the patient immediately place the reference Mental Status Changes Cause:  Hipoksemia (lack of oxygen in the blood)  Hypoglycemia (levels of blood sugars low dlm)  hyperglycemia (levels of blood sugars higher dlm)  brain apoplexy (stroke)  general Seizures  Fever, infectious  Poisoning (drug & alcohol)  Head injuries  mental disorders HELP  Values and monitor respiratory and airway patient  Lay the patient on their side if no firm suspicions head injury, a broken collarbone and back  Give oxygen if there is appropriate provision  Monitor vital signs and level of response  Take the patient immediately place the reference Blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) His breath smelled of acetone   skin redness, dry  Hungry / thirsty  Nadi fast & weak  Changes to the mental status did not realize  Like the drunk, unsteady, his speech fuck  Frequent urination Hypoglycemia  As giddy drunk, disruptive speech  Acting weird  Aggressive, restless  fast Nadi  cold skin, wrinkles  Hungry  Headache  seizure HELP  Conduct early assessment and try to get the history of the disease  Supervise and monitor the airway and breathing  Give sugary drinks if the person is conscious  Take the patient immediately place the reference STROKE Signs & Symptoms:  Pain head  Loss of consciousness  The response rate  Tingling / paralysis in the face or tool motion  It is difficult to talk  Blurred vision  Seizures Manik  right & left eye is not the same  Loss of urinary control & release  age factor HELP  Calm patient  Do not leave the patient alone  Lay the patient  Ensure an open airway  Provide oxygen if there is  Relax the binding of the patient's body  If there is no response give BHD action  Take the patient immediately place the reference  Be careful if there are parts of the body paralyzed patients yg EPILEPSY Signs & Symptoms:  blank look, feel hear or see something  strangled cry  Fall suddenly, lying stiffly for a moment, his back arched  face and neck bluish and swollen  Movement of muscle spasms  No response  mouth foaming, sometimes bloody  Probably bitten tongue  Probably lost control urinary and digestive  The patient returned to consciousness in the not-long  After the seizure, the patient fatigue and sleep HELP  Protect the patient from injury  Do not resist or fight back spasms  Protect the patient's tongue from being bitten  Position the stable soon  Treat injuries from seizures  Keep the airway so as not to clog  Let the rest  Avoid tension daari patients and shame around Hysteria Signs & Symptoms:  lost consciousness for a moment with an impression made - for  It may roll - roll on the ground  fast Breath  Unable to move or walk, for no apparent reason HELP  Calm patient  Do not expose the patient from the masses  Bring the patient calm place  Facilitate and supervise the patient continues  Encourage the doctor, after calmly Fainting Signs & Symptoms:  Feeling giddy  view berkunang - bugs and ringing in the ears  Weakness, cold sweat  Evaporate  Can be adaa no response, which usually occurs within minutes  slow pulse HELP  Lay the patient with the leg elevated  Loosen clothing  Keep the patient breathe fresh air  Check for other injuries  Give blankets, to warm the body  When you recover, try to rest a while  If not restored, then: - Check for breathing and pulse - Position the stable - Bring to hospitals / doctors / health center Seizures, and HEAT Signs & Symptoms:  Muscle spasms are accompanied by pain à legs and stomach muscles  Fatigue  Nausea  Maybe fainting HELP:  Move a shady place / cool  Give drink  Refer to health facility Fatigue HEAT Signs & Symptoms:  Breathing fast and shallow  Nadi weak  palpable cold skin, wrinkles, moist and pale mucous membranes  Pale, excessive sweating  Weak  Dizziness, sometimes decrease response  dry tongue and thirst HELP  Lay the patient in the shade  Kendorkan binding clothing  Elevate legs sufferers around 20 - 30 cm  Provide oxygen if there  Give drink if the person is conscious  Refer to health facility Heat stroke Signs & Symptoms:  Breathing rapidly and in  vein followed by rapid and strong fast but weak pulse  skin felt dry, sometimes hot pink Manik's eyes widened   Loss of consciousness  general spasms or trembling in muscles HELP:  Reduce the patient's body temperature as quickly as possible  Put the bag of ice on the armpits, groin, behind the knees and around ankles and on the side of the neck  If possible, put the patient into a tub of cold water and add ice to it  Refer to health facility Hypothermia Medium Signs & Symptoms:  Shivering  There was floated  Breathing fast, slow pulse  Disturbance of vision  slow eye reaction  Shaking Hypothermia Weight Signs & Symptoms:  Respiratory very slow  very slow pulse  No response Manik  eyes widened and not react  Tool rigid motion  No shivering HELP:  Assessment and examination of the patient early  Move the patient from a cold  Keep the airway and provide oxygen if there is  Replace wet clothes, covered the patient, try to stay dry  If the patient can be aware of the hot drink slowly - slowly  Monitor vital signs regularly  Refer to health facility Sink Guidelines Help:  Security daan location helper  Condition patient  Water Conditions  existing resources Principle:  Achieve  Throw  Paddle  Pool HELP  Move the patient as quickly as possible from the water with the safest way  Consider spinal boards in the water  Open the airway patient  Until early assessment on land and do CPR if necessary  Provide oxygen  Keep the patient's body kehangata  Perform physical examination  Immediately brought to health facilities

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EVACUATION

Upon arrival our location, there is the possibility that the patient was found to be removed. In a dangerous situation quickly and alert action is essential. Handling the wrong person will cause further injury or new injury.

The things that must be considered when moving the patient:
 Conduct an assessment of the difficulties that may occur when moving the patient.
 Plan the movement before lifting the patient, including how to move it.
 Do not try to lift and lower the patient if not sure he could control it.
 Always start from the imposition of a balanced position and keep in balance.
 Use the leg muscle power, avoid the imposition of back muscles.
 The position of the back should be straight when lifting patients.
 Strive to move the load tight as possible with the auxiliary body.
 Do the overall movement and try to support each other's body parts.
 If you can reduce the distance or height to go through the patient.
 Improve the position and gradually lift.
 Strive working groups, continue to communicate and do the coordination.

Kind - kind of transfer of the patient
1. Emergency removal
This action is only done if:
a. There is a direct danger to the patient, for example:
 Fire or fire hazard.
 blast or explosion hazard.
 It is difficult to safeguard patients from harm in the environment.
 Building an unstable.
 The car overturned.
 The crowd is restless period.
 hazardous materials (chemicals, toxic and other wastes).
 oil spills.
 extreme weather.
b. Gain entrance or to reach other people.
b. When lifesaving measures can not be done because the patient's position is not suitable for the treatment or the need to reposition the patient, for example, will perform CPR.
Greatest danger in an emergency removal is triggered spinal injury.

Some kind of emergency removal
• Offer the patient's shirt
• Offer a blanket
• Interest in cloth / sheet material
• Interest in the armpit / arm

The technique is attractive shirt etc. sufferers.
2. Transfer of normal / not an emergency
If there is no immediate danger to the patient, the patient was transferred only when everything is ready and the patient completed addressed, namely:
a. Complete the initial assessment was done.
b. Pulse and breathing are stable and within normal limits.
c. No external bleeding is not controlled or no indication of internal bleeding.
d. Absolutely no spinal or neck injury, and injury is not in the neck area.
e. All fractures had mobilized.

Some guidelines to position the patient is:
 Patients with shock, placed in the shock position if no evidence of injury to the leg above (broken bones) and spinal injuries.
 People with respiratory problems, position sitting or half sitting.
 Patients with abdominal pain, put to bed one side with legs bent.
 Patients who vomited - vomiting comfortable position and watch the airway.
 Patients with trauma, especially suspect spinal injury must be stabilized and immobilisasi with a long spinal board.
 Patients with no response and was not found or is not suspected spinal injuries or other serious injury stable tilted position / recovery.
 Position the comfortable, if the injury does not interfere.

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BURN INJURY

Causes of burns are:
 Thermal (temperature> 60 C)
 Chemistry
 Electricity
 Radiation

Body Surface Size
1. Minor burns:
Not the face, hands, feet, joints, genitals, or respiratory tract.
2. Burns are:
Not the face, hands, feet, joints, genitals, or respiratory tract.
3. Severe burns:
• burns with airway injury.
• three burns on the face, hands, feet, joints, genitals, or respiratory tract.

Some things to get attention
1. Burns caused by:
 Electricity: burns damage look small but in large enough body tissue.
 Chemistry: each - each material has a characteristic - their own characteristics.
2. Areas affected:
 Face
 hands and feet
 genitals, buttocks and inner thighs
 Joint
Because penyulit can occur in the healing process in the future.
3. Factors penyulit
Age less than 5 years or more than 55 years, is considered heavy.
Accompanying disease
Handling of General Burn Injuries

Value scene security and safety helper
1. Stop the burn process
2. Remove clothing and jewelry
3. Conduct early assessment
4. Determine the degree burns and extensive burns
5. Cover burns
6. Keep the patient's body temperature
7. Refer to health facility

Handling some special burns:
Chemical burns:
Value scene security and safety helpers:
 Immediately flush / aliri burns with as much water - much, at least 20 minutes. Do not waste time searching for antidotnya.
 Do not flush chemicals that react more strongly with the water such as caustic soda powder.
 If the eyes, flush with flowing water, and remove contact lenses.
 Minimize the contamination of water continued to flow in such a way that is not about healthy regions.
If the patient is contaminated, try cleaning the patient from a distance, not to the helper also affected by chemicals.
1. Solid chemicals / powder, smoke with soft brush and then flush with water as much - much.
2. Flush with water or aliri at - least for 20 minutes.
3. Secure the former patients contaminated clothing.
4. Place the cover on the sterile wound injuries.
5. Overcome shocked if any.
6. Refer to the health facility.

Electrical burns
Symptoms and signs of electric shock:
 Change of mental status and decreased response
 There was severe burns
 shallow breathing, irregular or no
 pulse weak, irregular or no
 compound fracture because of muscle contraction.

Handling of electrical burns
Value scene security and safety helper
1. Conduct early assessment
2. Check and find burn in areas where electrical power into and out
3. Close the front cover of the wound with a dry sterile
4. Overcome the shock, when there
5. Refer to the health facility.

Note:
Helpers must be ready melaukan CPR on patients who were electrocuted. Patients should be monitored closely, because it stopped breathing and cardiac arrest are often repeated.
Inhalation burns (exploited / smell by nose)
Symptoms and signs that may be found:
1. Burnt nose hairs
2. Burns on the face
3. Grains of charcoal carbon in liquid saliva
4. The smell of smoke or soot on the respiratory
5. Difficulty breathing
6. Breath sounds
7. Hoarse, coughing, difficulty speaking
8. Limited chest movement
9. Bluish skin

Handling:
Value scene security and safety helper
1. Move patient to safety
2. Berika oxygen, if necessary oxygen dilembabkan
3. Especially early assessment and respiratory airway
4. If necessary, apply artificial respiration
5. Refer to health facility

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MUSCLE INJURY SYSTEM FRAMEWORK

Fractures / Broken Bones is the dissolution of bone tissue, in whole or in part. Divided into two parts fractures: open fractures and closed fractures caused by direct force, indirect style, stylish twist.

Signs & Symptoms:
1. Change shape
2. Pain & Stiff
3. Bruising
4. The existence of sound fault
5. Swelling
6. The tip of the bone seen
7. Joint locks
8. Interference. Circulation
9. Interference. Circulation Movement Sensation

Dislocation (dust / Divorce Joint)
Definition: The release of the joint head of the joint bowl
Cause: Joint stretched beyond normal limits, so that both ends
tulangmenjadi separately, not in place. Joint tissue
interest exceeds the normal limit, and perhaps up to terobek.
Symptoms & signs: Almost the same as the symptoms and signs of broken bones

Sprains / Sprain
Definition: rupture / dissolution of the connective tissue around the joints because the joints
stretched beyond normal limits
Cause: the wrong movement (slip), the joint stretching exceeded
normal movement
Symptoms & signs: pain swelling, tenderness, bluish red color.

Muscle sprain (Strain)
Definition: tearing of muscle tissue in the tendon (tail muscle), because
stretched beyond normal limits.
Cause: There is because the imposition of a sudden at a certain muscle.
is one of the main sports injuries that occur palingsering

Symptoms & signs: pain is sharp and sudden on some muscle regions
The pain spread out with cramps and stiff muscles
Swelling in the injured area

HELP injury in skeletal muscle system:
1. Apply early assessment.
2. Perform physical examination
3. Stabilize the broken parts manually
4. Strive who allegedly broke can be seen
5. To overcome the bleeding and treat wounds if there
6. Prepare the necessary equipment (splint and mitella)
7. DO PEMBIDAIAN ... ...!
8. Reduce pain
9. Lay the patient in a comfortable position.
Handling Sprains:
1. Place the patient in a comfortable position, rest the injured part
2. Elevate the injured part
3. Give a cold compress maximum 3 minutes, repeat every hour if necessary
4. Balut press and remained elevated
5. Treat the fracture
6. Refer to health facility

Aid to some motion injury means:
1. Shoulder injury
Shoulder dislocation is the most common injuries occur in the shoulder area. In the event of a broken collarbone, might seem hollow in the upper arm below the collarbone. In this injury the best action is to install the sling.

2. Injury upper arm fracture
Upper arm bone is the bone thick and strong enough, if this bone injuries watch out for the surrounding tissue injury. HELP:
a. put your forearm in the chest with palms facing into the
b. Place the splint to elbow
c. Tie in the area above and a broken diaerah
d. Forearm held
e. If the elbow is broken and can not be folded hands, plug splint to the forearm, and let the hand depends, do not carry.
f. Refer to health facility

3. Injury forearm fractures
Injury in the forearm and wrist injuries are common. HELP
a. put your hand on your chest
b. Place the splint from the elbow to the hand
c. Tie in the area above and below the broken bone
d. Arm held
e. Refer to health facility
4. Hand and finger injuries
Hand injuries should dibidai functional position. The easiest way is to put it in the palm of his hand, then wrapped his hand and placed it above the splint. If the injury is a finger, then tie it with a finger finger next to. If the injury is more than one finger then the whole hand bidailah

5. Femur fracture
Changes of the thigh bone fractures are usually seen clearly, in addition to pain and swelling. HELP:
a. Place the two splint from:
Armpit to just past the soles of the feet
Groin until a little past the soles of the feet
b. Give cotton pads or cloth between the splint with a broken leg
c. If you need to tie both legs above the knee and ankle - your feet with bandages to reduce movement.
d. Refer to health facility

Note:
Femur fractures can cause internal bleeding, so patients can experience shock. If there is an open fracture, bleeding and patient to overcome his injury

6. Knee Injury
If your knees bent in a position so bidailah in that position and if the bidailah straight in a straight position. Membidainya same way as a broken thigh bone.
7. Leg fracture
Generally the two lower leg bones of the same injury. It lies very close to the skin causing injury denganpermukaan is often in the form of an open fracture. HELP:
a. Place the splint next to the 2 outside and in a broken leg from groin to just past the soles of the feet.
b. Make cotton pads or cloth between the splint or cloth.
c. Refer to health facility

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