BASIC LIFE SUPPORT & CPR

The first stage in the assessment of the patient is doing an early assessment, if the assessment is helpful to find interference with one of these three components:
Airway congestion 
 not find any breath
 there is no pulse
then the helper should immediately take action known as the Basic Life Support.

BREATHING AND CIRCULATION SYSTEM
The body can survive without food for several weeks and survive without water for several days, but can only survive without oxygen for several minutes!
Circulatory system is responsible for providing supplies of oxygen and nutrients to all body tissues.
Components associated with the circulation are:
 Heart
 blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)
 Blood danbagian thereof.

The heart can stop working for many reasons, among others:
 Heart disease
Respiratory Disorders 
 Shock
 Complications other diseases.

Basic Living Assistance
Disruption basically one system will interfere with other systems.
Basic living assistance is a simple way that can keep someone alive for a while. If the action is done as a complete unit this action known as Resuitasi Heart Lung.
A. Airway Control, or control the airway
B. Breathing Support, or CPR
C. Circulatory Support, or better known circulation assistance by external heart massage and stop the heavy bleeding.
Press Chin Forehead Lift
There are a few things to note with this technique:
- For patients who are still babies, head extension movement may not be maximal
- Hands do not press on the soft tissue under the chin
- Do not use your thumb to lift the chin
- Keep an eye on the patient's mouth to remain open

Lower jaw Perasat Thrusters (Jaw Thrust manouver)
Technique is safe to open the airway for patients who suffered trauma to the spine.

Airway examination
An open airway with good and clean is necessary for adequate breathing. Examination of the airway in patients who no response is done by opening his mouth sufferers.

Clearing the airway
Recovery position
If patients can breathe properly and there is no suspicion of neck injury, spine or other injury. Then put in the recovery position, or better known as the solid side.

Airway obstruction
In general, airway obstruction may occur at either the upper airway which includes the mouth and nose down to the larings, or lower airway, including bronchial and sequels.
In total occlusion, the patient will be difficult to breathe and eventually would lose consciousness. Specifically to overcome the blockage of the total known perasat Heimlich.


Perasat Heimlich:
- Snap-on stomach adult and child patients, no response.
- Beat the stomach, the adult and child patients no response.
- Pounding his chest, the adult patients who are overweight or pregnant women who have a response.
- Pounding his chest, the adult patients who are overweight or pregnant women with no response.

Help Breathing

Artificial breathing frequency Giving
Adult: 10 - 12 X respiratory / min, each 1.5 to 2 seconds
Children (1-8 years): 20 X breathing / min, each 1 to 1.5 seconds
Infants (0-1 years): more than 20 X respiratory / min, each 1 to 1.5 seconds
The newborn: 40 X respiratory / min, each 1 to 1.5 seconds.

Danger to the helper who perform rescue breathing from mouth to mouth:
Endemic diseases 
Chemical contamination 
Patient vomit 
In some circumstances we may find the blockage of the airway after resuscitation, in this situation then we should return to action airway CONTROL.

CIRCULATORY SUPPORT (Circulation Support)
The most important action to help the circulation is outside the heart massage. The depth of emphasis according to patient age group.
a. Adults: 4 - 5 cm
b. Child: 3 - 4 cm
c. Infants: 1.5 to 2.5 cm
In general it can be said that when the heart stops beating it will immediately follow the breathing, but this situation does not apply vice versa.

Heart Lung resuscitation (CPR).
CPR should be started as soon as possible. In adults known 2 ratio, namely:
(15:2) per cycle = pump the chest 15 times, 2 times blowing up
(5:1) per cycle = 5 times the pump 1 time blast

Before performing CPR on the patient, the helper should:
- Determining the absence of a response.
- Define a respiratory tidaknnya
- Determining the presence or absence of a pulse.

After opening the airway, breathing with the specified function technique; see, hear and feel for 3 - 5 seconds. To determine the presence or absence of a pulse, should be done touch on the carotid arteries (adults and children). If palpable carotid pulse, then do not do heart massage outside. But if not palpable carotid pulse do CPR immediately
FOR IN Practice
 Technical komperesi chest in adult patients.
Adult CPR  one helper.
Adult CPR  two helpers.
 Notes to the implementation of CPR

Good CPR is no guarantee a person is going to survive, but there are things that can be monitored to determine the success or recovery actions in the patient system.

Some complications that can occur when performing CPR:
1. Broken sternum and ribs.
2. Leaking of the lungs (Pnemotoraks).
3. Bleeding in the chest paru-paru/rongga (Hemotoraks).
4. Cuts and bruises in the lungs.
5. Tear in the liver

CPR actions can be stopped if:
1. Patients recovered
2. Helper fatigue.
3. Taken over by the same power or better trained.
4. If there are signs must die, do not have to do CPR.

CPR on children and infants
Children (1-8 years) and infants (0-1 years) require little difference in the rescue. Pulse checks performed on infants brakial pulse (the pulse of the upper arm).