BLEEDING AND SYOK

Bleeding
Bleeding occurs due to damage to blood vessel walls that can be caused by forced Ruda (trauma) or disease.

Classification of source of bleeding / hemorrhage group
1. Bleeding arteries (arteries)
Blood that comes from an artery out radiating out in accordance with the throbbing pulse and bright red.
2. Bleeding through (venous)
Blood from veins, flowing, dark red.
3. Bleeding hair (capillary)
Derived from capillaries, the blood slowly seeping out.

The types of bleeding
1. External bleeding
Bleeding that looked / looks clear out of an open wound.
2. Bleeding in
Internal bleeding, usually not visible and the skin does not look damaged. Sometimes - sometimes visible under the skin surface without a bruise.

Beware of bleeding in, if there is:
Stab wound
Blood or fluid from ears or nose
Vomiting or coughing up blood
Extensive bruising of the trunk
Exit wounds chest or stomach
Tenderness, rigidity or spasms in the abdominal wall
Urinating or major bleeding

Handling
A. Protection against infection in the treatment of bleeding:
- Put on APD in order not to get blood or body fluids
- Do not touch the mouth, nose, eyes, food while giving care
- Wash hands immediately after treating
- Decontamination or dispose of materials that have been stained with blood or body fluids.

B. Controlling external bleeding
1. Press Direct
Click the section just above the bleeding wound, the bleeding will usually stop after 5-15 minutes. If it has not stopped other cover can be added, without removing the cover first.

2. Elevation (Elevate the wound position and do the same with direct pressure).

3. Click on hit points
Brachial artery (pembulu vein in the upper arm)
Femoral artery (artery in the groin)

Treatment of bleeding
1. In large hemorrhage:
a) Do not waste time just to find cover wounds
b) Press directly by hand (should wear gloves)
c) Preserve and the press is strong enough
d) Treat the wound after bleeding controlled

2. In light bleeding or controlled:
Use direct pressure to the wound cover
Press until the bleeding under control
Keep the cover and dressing wounds
We recommend that you do not remove cover or bandage the wound first

3. Internal bleeding or suspected internal bleeding:
a) Lay and istrihatkan patients
b) Open the airway and maintain
c) Check the periodic breathing and pulse
d) Treatment of shock in the event of shock or expected to occur in shock
e) Do not give food and drink
f) Take care of any other serious injury when there is
g) If there give oxygen
h) Refer to health facility

Please note:
Handling means to control bleeding the bleeding does not mean stop the bleeding at all.

Shock
Shock occurs when the circulatory system (circulatory) failed to deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients to vital organs (especially brain, heart and lung - lung).

Causes
1. The failure of the heart pumps blood
2. Losing large numbers of blood
3. Widening (dilating) blood vessels wide, so the blood can not fill properly
4. Lack of a lot of body fluids such as diarrhea
Signs
a) Breathing: fast and shallow
b) Nadi: fast and weak
c) Skin: pale, cold and damp
d) Face: pale, cyanosis on the lips, tongue and ear lobe
e) Currency: hollow eyes, dilated pupils

Symptoms
a. Nausea and vomiting may
b. Haus
c. Weak
d. Dizziness
e. Nervous and scared to death

Handling of shock:
1. Bring the patient into the shade and safe
2. Tidurkan supine, legs elevated 20 to 30 cm when no suspicion of vertebral fractures or broken leg. When using a spinal board or stretcher then lift the foot
3. Clothing patient relaxed
4. Prevent loss of body heat to give a blanket
5. Calm patient
6. Make sure the airway and breathing well
7. Control bleeding and treat other injuries when there
8. If there are appropriate protocols provide oxygen
9. Do not give food and drink
10. Periodically check the vital signs regularly
11. Refer to health facility