BIRTH MOVEMENT HISTORY
Some time later, after returning to Switzerland, he poured the impression and experience into a book titled "Memories of Solferino", which shook the whole of Europe. In his book, Henry Dunant offers two ideas:
First, establish an international humanitarian organization, which can be prepared in peacetime establishment to help the injured soldiers on the battlefield.
Second, international agreements to protect the injured soldiers on the battlefield and the protection of volunteers and the organization at the time to help in time of war.
In 1863, four citizens of the city of Geneva to join the Henry Dunant first to develop these ideas. They together form the "International Committee to help the injured soldiers", which is now called the International Committee of the Red Cross or the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
In a later development to carry out humanitarian activities in each country, the volunteer organization was established on duty to assist the army medical at the time of war. The organization is now called the National Society of the Red Cross or Red Crescent.
Based on the idea of a second, in the year 1864, on the initiative of the Swiss federal government held the International Conference which was attended by some states to approve the "Convention on the improvement of the condition of the injured soldiers on the battlefield". This Convention later refined and developed into the Geneva Conventions I, II, III and IV in 1949 or also known as the Red Cross Convention. This Convention is one component of international humanitarian law (HPI) an international provisions governing the protection of war victims aid.
International Red Cross
1.Komite International Red Cross / International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), which was established in 1863 and headquartered in Switzerland.
The ICRC is a humanitarian agency that is independent, and as a neutral mediator. ICRC based initiative or the Geneva conventions of 1949 shall provide protection and assistance to victims of international armed conflict and chaos in the country. In addition to providing assistance and protection to victims of war, the ICRC also served to ensure respect for international humanitarian law.
2.Perhimpunan National Red Cross or Red Crescent, which was established almost in every country around the world, now numbering 176 National Society, including the Indonesian Red Cross. National association activities as diverse as emergency assistance to disaster, health care, social assistance, training and service P3K blood transfusion.
Terms of the establishment of a national association of which is:
omen may be recognition of the state governments have become participants of the Geneva Conventions
run omen Movement Principles
If so the ICRC will provide recognition of the existence of these associations
before becoming a member of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
3.Federasi International Society of Red Cross and Red Crescent / International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC), establishment of the Federation initiated by Henry Davidson, an American citizen who passed on an International Conference on Health in 1919 to coordinate humanitarian assistance, particularly time to help victims of the impact of post-World War I in health and social fields. Federation headquartered in Switzerland and the coordination task of the National Association of humanitarian aid programs in times of peace, and facilitate the establishment and development of the national Red Cross organizations.
ORGANIZATIONAL MEETING International Red Cross
In accordance with the Statute and Articles of Association Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent cites four years held the International Conference of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (International Red Cross Conference). The conference was attended by all the components of the International Red Cross Movement (ICRC, national associations and the International Federation) and all participating countries to the Geneva Convention. This conference is the highest body in motion and has a mandate to discuss and decide all international provisions relating to the humanitarian activities which will be kepalangmerahan commitment of all participants.
Two years, the International Red Cross Movement also Delegation of the Council meeting (Council of Delegates), whose members consist of all components of the Movement. Council of Delegates will discuss issues that will be taken at international conferences. A team has been formed specifically to prepare the interval between meetings of the international conference Working Committee (Standing Commission).
Along with these meetings, specifically for the International Federation and national society members also hold a General Assembly meeting (General Assembly) as a forum to discuss kepalangmerahan and development programs.
HUMANITARIAN COMMITMENT
Here is an outline of the kepalangmerahan humanitarian programs accommodated in the agreement include the International Federation (Strategy 2010); Commitment to Regional members of the Association (Declaration of Hanoi) and the International Conference agreement (Plan of Action).
1. STRATEGY 2010
Strategy 2010 (S-2010) is a set of strategies within the International Federation of humanitarian challenges in the decades challenging. Document of the General Assembly adopted in 1999 sets out the Federation's mission is: "improve the livelihoods of vulnerable people by mobilizing the power of humanity".
Three main strategic objectives are:
Community livelihood 1.Memperbaiki Vulnerable
This strategy is focused through four core areas, namely:
+ Promotion basic Principles Movement and humanitarian values;
+ Disaster Relief;
+ Preparedness disaster management; and
+ Health and care in the community.
The fourth field is an integral package and interconnected with each other, which has two dimensions of service and advocacy.
Strength 2.Memobilisasi Humanity
Mobilization capacity of the organization for this service will occur if the national associations to function properly. This means that there are organizational mechanisms, capacity development, memobilisi financial resources by developing partnerships and optimize the communication in the National Society.
Effective 3.Bekerjasama
The existence of a strong national association will form a strong federation, effective and efficient is to develop and implement subregional cooperation movement strategies, partnerships with other international organizations, and advocacy to mobilize public and policy makers to communicate the messages and mission of the International Federation.
2. HANOI DECLARATION "United for Action"
This document was endorsed through V Regional Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 1998, which was agreed by 37 national associations as the Asia Pacific and Middle East are resolved, though a variety of cultural, geographic and other backgrounds, to come together for a humanitarian action.
The trend of natural disasters and global financial crisis has hit regional areas and the impact of immigration on population issues for improving living wills, the economic crisis that caused the unemployment rate rising and the outbreak of disease outbreaks. This is a challenge for the Red Cross to help alleviate the suffering of mankind.
Hanoi Declaration treatment programs focus on the following issues:
+ Poverty reduction
+ Handling disease outbreaks
+ Youth and Elderly
+ Partnership with the government
+ Organization and management capacity of resources
+ Public relations and promotion
3. PLAN OF ACTION 2000 - 2003
Plan of Action 2000 - 2003 is a decision of the International Conference of Red Cross and Red Crescent to 27 in Geneva in 1999. Government of Indonesia and the PMI as a participant states in the field of humanitarian pledge.
Indonesian Government's commitment
- Fulfilling a commitment to ratify the Additional Protocols I and II of the Geneva Conventions 1949
- To strengthen legislation relating to the use of the Red Cross Symbol
- Strengthen the institutional aspects of disaster management preparedness planning
- Intensify education and dissemination of International Humanitarian Law and the work of humanitarian organizations to civilian and military
- Strengthening partnerships with national institutions to assist vulnerable communities
Indonesian Red Cross Commitment
- Program dissemination of humanitarian values to members and certain target groups and encourage governments to develop national regulations and agreements related symbols.
- Intensify disaster response preparedness programs in areas prone to disasters through the "community based" and enhance disaster management capabilities and training of volunteers and the provision of operational standard equipment.
- Carry out health and social programs in terms of blood services, youth peer education in an effort to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS or activities in service oriented community-based P3K, water and sanitation problems, the welfare of vulnerable groups in disadvantaged areas and improve ambulance service and post P3K.
ORGANIZATION INDONESIA Red Cross (PMI)
PMI History
The establishment of the Indonesian Red Cross actually been commenced in the period before World War II. At that moment, precisely on October 21, 1873 the Dutch colonial government established the Indonesian Red Cross with a crotch Rode Cambodgien Nederlands Indie (Nerkai), which later disbanded during the Japanese occupation.
Struggle to establish the Indonesian Red Cross itself begins around the year 1932. The activity was spearheaded by Dr. RCL Senduk and Dr. Bahder Djohan. The plan received wide support from the educated ones, especially Indonesia. They tried hard to bring the draft in the trial Nerkai Conference in 1940, although ultimately rejected. Forced draft was held to wait for the right opportunity. As relentless as the Japanese occupation, they returned to try to establish the National Red Cross Board, but again the effort was a hindrance from the Government so that the Japanese army for the second time that the draft should be re-stored.
Seventeen days after the proclamation of independence 17 August 1945, ie on September 3, 1945, President Sukarno issued orders to form a national Red Cross agencies. By order of the President, then Dr. Buntaran then served as Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Cabinet I, on 5 September 1945 to form the 5th Committee consists of: Dr. R. Mochtar (Chairman), dr. Bahder Djohan (Writer), and dr Djuhana; dr Marzuki; dr. Sitanala (members).
Finally, the Indonesian Red Cross Society had formed on September 17, 1945 and initiated its activities through the assistance of war victims of the revolution of independence of the Republic of Indonesia
and return of prisoners of war and Japanese allies. Because of performance, PMI received international recognition in 1950 by becoming a member of the International Red Cross and its presence nationally certified through Presidential Decree No. 25 in 1959 and later reinforced by Presidential Decree No.246 in 1963.
PMI's network now spread over 30 of Province / Tk.I and 323 branches in the region and Tk.II operational support of the Blood Transfusion Unit 165 throughout Indonesia.
ROLES AND TASKS PMI
The role of PMI is to assist the government in the social field of humanity, especially kepalangmerahan duties as required in the provisions of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 have been ratified by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in 1958 through Act No. 59.
PMI Duty:
+ Preparedness and disaster relief assistance
+ First aid training for volunteers
+ Health care and social welfare
+ Blood transfusion services (in accordance with Government Regulation No. 18 of 1980)
In carrying out the task of PMI is based on the 7 (seven) basic principles of the Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, the Humanities, Volunteerism, Neutrality, Equality, independence, unity and universality.
PMI PERFORMANCE BRIEF PERIOD FROM PERIOD TO
I Decade 1945 -1954
During the war of independence of Indonesia, PMI's role is prominent in the field of first aid, evacuation, Soup Kitchens, search and management of repatriation, in cooperation with the ICRC and the Dutch Red Cross for Romusha, Heiho, Tionghoa; the children Indo Dutch and Dutch civilian prisoners 35,000 and the Hoakian who returned to the PRC. Meanwhile, the education was held for the nurses to be sent to posts in the area P3K battle.
It was there PMI 40 branches throughout Indonesia, and each branch has two P3K Post as Collone Car Team.
General Hospital in Bogor Red Cross which was originally under the management of Nerkai, in 1948 donated to the PMI Bogor Branch with a Kedunghalang Hospital since 1951 and managed a Red Cross General Hospital until now.
PMI also began to organize blood donation service activities are still limited in Jakarta and several major cities such as Semarang, Medan, Surabaya and Makassar, the name Benefactor Blood Service.
In the event of rebellion RMS (Republic of South Moluccas), PMI works with the ICRC carry out health services, led by Dr. Djohan and BPH Bahder Specialist Hospital in the form of floating in Ambon. Also held the family news delivery lost / separated and visit prisoners.
PMI began to develop youth kegiatn with 7638 members in 29 branches teen PMI. Welfare Foundation in cooperation with teachers, students and the children agreed to create a PMR units in schools, PMR magazine publishing, correspondence, exchange of albums, competitions, painting exhibitions, and organization of sanatoria (lung treatment for children).
DECADE II 1955 - 1964
Due PRRI Rebellion in West Sumatra and North Sulawesi Permesta, PMI Headquarters to send ships to the area Red Cross to pick up strangers in there and also sent medical teams to 4 and 6 teams Sumatra to North Sulawesi.
After President Sukarno sparked Tri Komando Rakyat (Trikora) to liberate West Irian on 19 December 1961, the Board of PMI's call the whole branch of Unity for Voluntary alert. Then the National Unity was formed consisting of 11 branches that have been selected. Red Cross volunteers who are assigned as a nurse numbering 259 men and 770 men in reserve.
In the event Aru January 15, 1952, the sinking of the ship Leopard RI War, as many as 55 crew members became prisoners of war, so at the request of the Dutch Minister / Navy Chief of Staff, PMI contacted the ICRC to handle these prisoners. Thanks to the efforts the UN Secretary General, the Dutch agreed to transfer the crew in Singapore.
In 1963 when Mount Agung on Bali erupted, PMI's joint health office RI Army to help control the disaster victims.
When the team of National Unity to Red Cross of West Kalimantan in order Dwikora (Dwi Komando Rakyat), has sent teams to help the National Health Operations crushed in South Sulawesi.
III decade 1965-1975
Issuance of Decree of the Minister of Health of Indonesia Regulation No.23 and No.024 of the Government of Indonesia for the recognition of the existence of the first efforts of Blood Transfusion (UTD) PMI.
In commemoration of HUT PMI to 25, 17 September 1970, Board of PMI issued a special medal and award to a pioneer-pioneer PMI, such as: Drs. Moh. Hatta and Prof.. Dr. Johan and Management bahder PMI Regional / Branch throughout Indonesia.
A year later, in 1971 inaugurated the establishment of a DAJR (Ambulance Service Road) Jakarta - Bandung as much as 7 post centered in the RSU-PMI Bogor. Used Ambilans Falcon is equipped ambulance personnel, equipment first aid, and radio telephone.
DECADE IV 1975 -1984
Red Cross-ICRC cooperation
PMI began to play a role in East Timor in August 1975 the flow of refugees from East Timor to West Timor border in Atambua. Humanitarian operations in Dili began in December 1975 at the request of PSTT (Provisional Government of East Timor). Then later in the month of October 1979 in collaboration with Red Cross the ICRC began to open the relief aid post in a remote District 7 in East Timor.
At the request of the Government of Indonesia, PMI supported UNHCR membentu Vietnamese refugees in Galang Island in health and social kesejahtraan, among others, by establishing Galang Island Hospital. PMI also conducts Tracing and Mail Service in cooperation with the ICRC.
Natural Disasters
When the earthquake struck Bali in July 1976 that hit 3 of 5 districts
Red Cross volunteers mobilized, opened Soup Kitchens and help repair 500 houses. In collaboration with the medical team from the Army, providing food and health care medicines.
In the same year an earthquake struck and Kecamayan Kurima Okbibab Jayawijaya district with the power of 6.8 on the Richter Scale.
PMI also fell directly help the victims of disaster Galunggung in 1982 for several months
Blood Transfusion
In 1978 the Central Board of the Golden Pin award for the first time voluntary blood donors to 75 times.
Provisions of the tasks and role of PMI in the blood transfusion services issued by the government melali Government Regulation No.18 th 1980
DECADE V 1984 - 1994
After a couple of times to move from Jl.Abdul Muis to several locations, finally settling PMI headquarters in Jl.Jendral Gatot Subroto Kav.96 which was inaugurated by President Suharto in 1985.
Tracing and Mailing PRC-RI
In addition Tracing services and Mailing Service (TMS) for refugees in Galang Island, in 1987 after TMS PMI family visit to Indonesia from China the first time since the diplomatic relations the two countries were broken in 1967.
In Jakarta, the Red Cross helped victims of a train collision accident in the form of aid P3K Bintaro, Blood Transfusion, TMS, and the provision of appropriate clothing in several hospitals in Jakarta where the victims being treated.
Natural disasters
Red Cross mobilized 700 people KSR / PMR and 8 of doctors to help victims of floods in Semarang, Central Java and also helping to rescue Kelud eruption in East Java in 1990 with food aid and medicines worth Rp.8.583.400, --
To contribute to overcome the earthquake tsunami in Flores December 12, 1992, KSR PMI Multipurpose Task Force formed a task force called MERPATI I.
Gulf War in 1991
With the outbreak of the Gulf War, the Indonesian Government to entrust to lead the delivery of Red Cross aid Indonesian society with a special plane to Jordan, for victims of the Gulf War twice. Assistance clothing, food, medicines and electrical equipment provided 249 million dollars worth.
HIV Blood Test Filter
The spread of the HIV virus which encourages the publication of increasing Minister of Health Decree No.622/1992 on the obligations of the HIV virus tests on blood donors. Accordingly, MOH provide reagents for HIV tests to the PMI that is for all UTDC-PMI.
Temu Karya KSR
In Gathering held in July 1992 and the work of the National Level Competition KSR in Lombok NTB also attended by participants from Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea and Japan.
DECADE VI 1994 - 2004
Natural Disasters (Earthquake)
Back in 1994, formed the Central Committee MERPATI II task force team to help the Earthquake victims in Liwa, Lampung Barat and Tsunami in Banyuwangi, East Java.
Also in 1999, when stricken province of Bengkulu earthquake measuring 7.9 richter scale, with the support of Red Cross International Federation of facilities and the Norwegian Red Cross field hospital set up a capacity of 150 beds to replace the function of the local hospitals damaged in the city for 10 months.
Another Earthquake 6.5 Richter scale also hit the Banggai in Central Sulawesi in May 2002, and several months later in July 2000 earthquake occurred also in the 24th District in Sukabumi and Bogor.
Flood
End of the year 2000 flood hit region of Aceh. With the help of the ICRC in Lhoksumawe, PMI team joined hands to clean off the roads and other social facilities and provide assistance 4000 assistance package of hygiene kits. In the same period, the floods also swept Gorontalo Central Sulawesi, which resulted in these areas, especially in Sub Ranoyapo isolated flooding.
Mud floods followed landslides also hit the West Java region for several days in February. Flash floods also occurred in NTB. PMI's 1000 aid package and 610 petromaks donated by the International Federation of the Red Cross.
Beginning in August 2001, large floods have also destroyed in the 8th District of North Sumetera Nias District. PMI has been sending medicines and support the family package of kitchen utensils, mosquito nets, clothes, blankets and sugar to meet the emergency needs of the everyday in Nias.
Conflict Disaster
A vertical conflict in Aceh has been going on since January 2000, a horizontal conflict in Poso in Central Sulawesi on May 23, 2000 and the great unrest in North Maluku on May 17, 2001. PMI in Aceh in cooperation with the ICRC intensive activities and evacuate the wounded bodies, distributed food aid, emergency medical services and the delivery of family news. As for Poso, PMI coordinates with 4000 the ICRC distributed aid package followed a family of RCTI assistance in the form of mats, sarongs, towels, jerry cans, soap, laundry soap and clothes intended for 2000 people. As for the conflict in North Maluku, again in cooperation with the PMI 5655 the ICRC distributed relief packages to victims of family health services in addition to Tobelo and Galela. Additional assistance packages of 4500 and 2000 units of school equipment and uniforms of the Japanese Embassy. In addition, one unit of vehicle assistance has also been sent to Ternate from Jakarta to help the field of technical operations.
CBFA-Tarakan and Lampung
Project community-based health development (CBFA) has started in East Kalimantan and Central since June 2000. Assistance is sponsored by the Dutch Red Cross International Federation of facilities aimed at improving the health status of communities in target areas.
PMI NOW
In order to deal with the development of Indonesian society in the future an increasingly global in an increasingly democratic atmosphere of the Red Cross to prepare myself best as a stakeholder to participate in taking an active role in it.
Therefore, PMI has set a mission and vision by sticking firmly to the principles outlined in kepalangmerahan and in line PMI Policy Statement 2000 - 2004:
A. Vision
PMI is widely recognized as a humanitarian organization that is able to provide effective services kepalangmerahan and timely, especially to those most in need, in the spirit of impartiality and independence.
B. Mission
* Disseminate and develop the basic principles of application of the Red Cross Movement and Red crescent moon and international humanitarian law (HPI) in the Indonesian society.
* Implement kepalangmerahan service quality and on time, include:
+ Humanitarian Assistance in emergencies
+ Social services and community health
+ Business Health Blood Transfusion
* Development of Young Generation in kepalangmerahan, health and welfare.
* To consolidate the organization, development potential and increase the potential of human resources and financial resources towards the effective and PMI efiesien.
STRATEGIC PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION
A. PURPOSE
Improving the organization and administration of PMI at all levels to prepare for increased independence and impartiality of PMI in the next 5 years.
B. PROGRAM 2002
* Continuing efforts of accuracy of local organizational capacity and a branch of the response given kuistioner Regional and Branch and Persemester or Annual Report.
* Develop a standard pattern orientation and implementation Kepalangmerahan PMI management for administrators.
* Provide guidance to the Regions to enable the function by:
o active observation, advocacy and assist the implementation of AD / ART, especially in the Musda and MUKERDA.
o Workshop on Management and Organization for the area and some selected branches.
o Orientation kepalangmerahan and management to local organizations and branches owned.
o Fostering Organizational Development Strategic Plan through the OD team performance
o Workshop for the development of headquarters functions for the Regional Unit Head (Kamada)
o Continue providing assistance to victims of earthquake in Bengkulu, with a pilot program at PMI Bengkulu OD, to support the implementation of the CBFA programs, water and sanitation in Bengkulu.
4. Establish MUKERNAS in preparation for the 2002
5. Publishes software for the development and management for organizations such as the Directive Board of PMI.
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